Regarding the division of power in Montenegro, we will first talk about the Parliament of Montenegro as the home of legitimately elected representatives of citizens. The responsibilities of the Parliament of Montenegro are to: enact the Constitution, enact laws, enact other regulations and general acts, declare a state of war and emergency, enact the budget and final budget account, enact the security strategy and national defense strategy, enact the development plan and spatial plan of Montenegro, decides on the use of units of the Army of Montenegro in international forces, regulates the system of state administration, supervises the Army and security services, calls a state referendum, elects and dismisses the President and members of the Government, elects and dismisses judges of the Constitutional Court, the Supreme State Prosecutor and four members of the Judicial appoints and dismisses the Protector of Human Rights and Freedoms, the Governor of the Central Bank and members of the Council of the Central Bank, the President and members of the Senate of the State Audit Institution and other holders of positions determined by law, decides on immunity rights, grants amnesty, confirms international agreements, issues public loans and decides on the indebtedness of Montenegro, decides on the disposal of state assets above the value determined by law, and performs other tasks specified by the Constitution and the law.
The Assembly of Montenegro consists of 81 deputies, and deputies are elected directly based on general and equal suffrage by secret ballot.
The mandate of the Assembly lasts four years, but it can end prematurely by dissolution or shortening. Suppose the order of the Assembly expires during a war or emergency. In that case, it is extended for a maximum of 90 days after the end of the circumstances that caused the state of emergency. At the proposal of the President of Montenegro, the Government or at least 25 deputies, the Parliament can shorten the mandate.
The MP decides and votes according to his conviction and has to perform his parliamentary function professionally. The Prophet enjoys immunity. He cannot be called to criminal or other responsibility or detained for expressing opinions or voting in the exercise of his office. Criminal proceedings may not be instituted against a member of Parliament, or custody may be ordered without the approval of the Assembly unless he is caught in the commission of a criminal offence for which a punishment of more than five years in prison is prescribed.
The President of Montenegro, the President and members of the Government, the President of the Supreme Court, the President and judges of the Constitutional Court and the Supreme State Prosecutor also have the same immunity as a deputy.
The MP’s mandate ends before the time for which he was elected by submitting his resignation, if he is sentenced to an unconditional prison sentence of at least six months by a final court decision, if he is deprived of legal capacity by a final decision, by the termination of Montenegrin citizenship.
The first session of the newly elected composition of the Assembly is convened by the President of the Assembly of the previous conference 15 days after the announcement of the final election results.
The Assembly has a president and one or more vice presidents elected from among its members for four years. The President of the Assembly represents the Assembly, convenes sessions and presides, implements the rules of procedure, calls for elections for the President of Montenegro, and performs other tasks determined by the Constitution, the law and the process management. The vice-president replaces the President in performing his duties when he is prevented or when he entrusts him to replace him.
The Assembly works in regular and extraordinary sessions, and regular sessions are held twice a year. The first regular session begins on the first working day in March and lasts until the end of July. The second is on the first working day in October and stays by the end of December. An extraordinary session is convened at the request of the President of Montenegro, the Government, or at least a third of the total deputies.
B.P.